<p>The Alpgundkopf is a mountain, high, in the Allgäu Alps. It lies in the Schafalpenköpfe group, northeast of the Roßgundkopf, from which it is separated by the Alpgundscharte col. To the southeast, 383 metres away, lies the lower Alpkopf and, 1,035 metres away, the small lake of Guggersee.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>There are no waymarked paths up the Alpgundkopf. The normal approach is a trackless route from the notch of Alpgundscharte that requires sure-footedness and mountain experience. All other ascents are not recommended due to the brittle nature of the rock.</p><br>
<h2>Photographs</h2><br>
<p>File:Alpgundkopf Gipfelaufbau.JPGSummit block</p><br>
<p>File:Alpgundkopf02.JPGSouthwest Arête</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Allgäuer Bergnamen, Lindenberg, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 2007,</p><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Die Flurnamen der Gemeinde Oberstdorf im Allgäu, München, Selbstverlag des Verbandes für Flurnamenforschung in Bayern, 1972</p><br>
<p>Zettler/Groth: Alpenvereinsführer Allgäuer Alpen. Munich, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Alpspitze is a mountain, in Bavaria, Germany. Its pyramidal peak is the symbol of Garmisch-Partenkirchen and is one of the best known and most attractive mountains of the Northern Limestone Alps. It is made predominantly of Wetterstein limestone from the Upper Triassic.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>Several klettersteigs run up the Alpspitze. The shortest ascent starts at the valley station of Osterfelderkopf on the Alpspitze Cable Car from Garmisch-Partenkirchen. From the Osterfelderkopf the Alpspitze may be climbed either directly along the Alpspitz-Ferrata, an easy, mostly protected and much frequented klettersteig (ca. 2 hours from the Osterfelderkopf) or the summit may be reached on the North Face Climb (Nordwandsteig), which runs in a curve to the east into the Oberkar cirque and from there along the left-hand edge of the cirque to the top.</p><br>
<p>Another ascent runs from the col of Grießkarscharte, which is reached either from the Höllentalanger Hut in the Höllental valley via the cirque of Mathaisenkar (involving a klettersteig) or from the lake of Stuibensee via the Grießkar cirque.</p><br>
<p>The popular route from the Alpspitze via the arete of Jubiläumsgrat to the Zugspitze is a long and difficult climbing tour, which involves UIAA grade III sections.</p><br>
<h2>Summit cross</h2><br>
<p>The summit cross was erected in 1946 by Richard Weber and Kaspar Jocher together with the Roman Catholic Kolpingsfamilie of Garmisch. On the 25th and 50th anniversary of its installation a commemorative plaque was fixed to the cross.</p><br>
<h2>Observation platform</h2><br>
<p>At its base is the AlpspiX Viewing Platform, 2 curved metal walkways reaching out 13 metres (42 feet) over a cliff, crossing over each other, making the shape of an X.</p><br>
<p>The Barmsteine are two rock towers, 841 and 851 metres above sea level, in the northernmost part of the Hasel Mountains in the Bavarian Alps. They rise above the Austrian town of Hallein, and lie on the border between Salzburger Land in Austria and Berchtesgadener Land in Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically, the pinnacles have given their name to the so-called Barmstein limestone (Barmsteinkalk), a turbidite sequence which is part of the Oberalm Formation in the Upper Jurassic rock layer.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing and walking</h2><br>
<p>Both rock pinnacles are a popular destination, especially for climbers because they are lit by the sun until late in the evening and are easy to get to. The climbing grade of the Small Barmstein is II to III, the Great Barmstein is significantly harder. In addition to the two large pinnacles there are also the Katzenbarmsteine, on the southern arête of the Small Barmstein. Here there is also a boulder park.</p><br>
<p>The Barmsteine may also be easily climbed using rock steps with railings and several places that are secured by cables. On the Small Barmstein this ascent is on the south side. It should not be attempted by anyone suffering from vertigo. For walkers, the ruins of Thürndl Castle, just a little to the east, are also worth visiting.</p><br>
<p>In January 2008 the southern face of the Small Barmstein was put out of bounds to climbers by the owner, who built a fence here after numerous infringements of the climbing rules.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Galleries in the Barmsteine were used by the nearby brewery, Hofbräu Kaltenhausen, to store beer.</p><br>
<p>Even during the Nazi era the Barmsteine were visibly and invisibly used: in addition to the use of the hidden galleries as a site for the armaments industry, a large, white swastika was painted on the rocks so that it could be easily from the direction of Austria; this was even before the Anschluss of Austria to Germany. After the war it was removed and is no longer really visible today.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Zinnburg, Karl and Kurz, Franz (1980). Bad Dürrnberg. Kurverwaltung, Bad Dürrnberg.</p><br>
<p>Plöchinger, Benno (1984) Zum Nachweis jurassisch-kretazischer Eingleitungen von Hallstätter Gesteinsmassen beiderseits des Salzach-Quertales (Salzburg). In: Geologische Vereinigung (Hrsg.): Geologische Rundschau. Vol 73. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, p. 293-304.</p><br>
<p>Moosleitner, Gero (2004). Fossilien sammeln im Salzburger Land. Ein Führer zu klassischen und neuen Fundstellen. 1. Auflage. Edition Goldschneck, Wiebelsheim, (see p. 29 and 149 on the two rocks and Barmstein limestone).</p><br>
<p>The Berchtesgaden Hochthron is the highest peak of the Untersberg massif in the Berchtesgaden Alps in Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<p>The summit of the Berchtesgaden Hochthron offers one of the best views of the Berchtesgaden region, because it has an unobstructed view over the Berchtesgaden valley as well as all nine massifs of the Berchtesgaden Alps, the Chiemgau Alps, the Austrian mountains of the Salzkammergut and the Tennengebirge.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Berchtesgaden Hochthron rises around 7 km north of Berchtesgaden and about 8 km east-southeast from Bad Reichenhall.</p><br>
<p>About 470 m west of the mountain summit is, managed by the German Alpine Club in the summer. At the foot of the steep falls of the summit lie the headwaters of the Almbach, which ends after flowing through the in Berchtesgadener Ache from the south.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>There are several marked trails that lead to the summit of the Berchtesgaden, and most of them are moderately strenuous hikes. It is also a popular destination for rock climbers. The Berchtesgaden Hochthron stops with massive, partly overhanging cliffs to the east and south. The numerous climbing routes of the south wall are among the most popular and historically significant climbs of the Berchtesgaden Alps. The most difficult climbs are usually attempted in November on the "Old South Face" (Level III +).</p><br>
<h2>Galileo Test Environment</h2><br>
<p>Near the Stöhr house is one of the six base stations for the testing and development of the Galileo navigational satellites.</p><br>
<p>The Baumgartenschneid is a 1,448 metre high mountain in the Bavarian Prealps above the Tegernsee to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Location and climbing routes</h2><br>
<p>The climb to the summit is a straightforward mountain walk, taking 2 hours to ascend the 700 metres from Tegernsee and 1½ hours for the descent.</p><br>
<p>The peak may also be reached from Rottach-Egern or Schliersee on various paths. On the climbing path from Tegernsee or Rottach-Egern to the top, the path initially passes the inn, Gasthaus Galaun, at 1,060 m and then to the 1,207 m high rocks of the Riederstein, on which a small chapel stands.</p><br>
<p>The Baumgartenschneid is also a popular, easily accessible peak, even in winter. Provided the snow cover is not too deep, snow shoes are not required. Crampons are recommended, however, when it is icy.</p><br>
<p>The view from the summit cross on the Baumgartenschneid is dominated by the Tegernsee lake. Also visible are the surrounding Tegernsee Mountains like, for example, the Wallberg, the Setzberg, the Kampen and the Fockenstein. To the east the Wendelstein dominates the view.</p><br>
<p>The Benediktenwand  is a 1,801 metre high mountain ridge in the Bavarian Prealps between the rivers Loisach and Isar and the Jachenau in the south and Benediktbeuern Abbey, from which it derives its name, in the north. Immediately below the North Face of the Benediktenwand is the Tutzinger Hut .</p><br>
<p>During the Würm glaciation, the summit of the Benediktenwand towered about 600 metres above the ice stream of the Walchensee and Isar Glaciers (branches of the Inn Valley Glacier).</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The following peaks belong to the Benediktenwand Group, from west to east: Rabenkopf (1,555.5 m), Glaswand (1,496 m), Benediktenwand (1,801 m), Hennenkopf (1,614 m), Probstenwand (1589 m), Achselköpfe (1,600-1,710 m), Latschenkopf (1,712 m), Hinterer Kirchstein (1,667 m), Vorderer Kirchstein (1670 m) and Schrödelstein (1,548 m). To the east the Brauneck (1,555 m) borders on the mountain group. The normal climb to the Benediktenwand runs from Benediktbeuern via the Tutzinger Hut to the top. Climbs also run from the Jachenau via the Glaswandscharte or via the Bichler Alm and the Altweibersteig and from Isarwinkel. Other routes run through the Längental valley vai the Probstalm (1,376 m; Alpine Club hut not open to the public) as well as up the cable car to the Brauneck and then to the Benediktenwand.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing routes</h2><br>
<p>Numerous climbing routes run up the North Face, which is visible from a long way off, to the summit of the Benediktenwand. They range from grades II to VIII. Several climbing routes also ascend the South Face.</p><br>
<h2>Alpine ibex</h2><br>
<p>Since September 1959, Alpine ibex, members of the goat family, have lived on the northern and southern flanks of the Benediktenwand. At that time a big, non-native ibex was seen for the first time by mountain walkers in and reported to the forestry office at Jachenau. Following the introduction of 2 billy goats and two nanny goats from Switzerland in June 1967, a colony of more than 100 animals (1998) was established within 30 years, so that in recent times more and more have had to be made available for hunting. In order to keep sickness and malnourishment at bay, the ibex colony is kept at around 80 animals. The ibex family is one of the four populations of Alpine ibex in Germany. It forms groups and, as a result of the numbers of tourists, show little fear of man. The animals spend the summer mostly on the shaded northern side of the Benediktenwand; winter tends to be spent more on the less snow-bound southern side.</p><br>
<p>In summer 2004 a bronze tablet was inaugurated on the southern side of the Benediktenwand on the large rocks at the start of the "Old Wive&#39;s Climb" (Altweibersteiges) above the Bichler Alm. The tablet briefly outlines the history of the ibex colony and mentions their sponsors and supporters, Alfons Goppel, August Moralt, Franz Burda, Matthias Müller from Jachenau and Josef Schmidt from Benediktbeuern. The design of the tablet comes from Josef Oswald, known as ErbhoferSepp, of Jachenau.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>According to a folk story recorded by Johann Nepomuk Sepp, the Benediktenwand rests "on four golden columns, and conceals countless treasures within it." According to the legend, a boy from Wackersberg lost his way and discovered a bubbling golden spring. A similar story is told about the Probstenwand in the local dialect: "Back in the mists of time golden icicles were seen hanging in a crevice in the Probstenwand, and the people came from Munich; they came across glittering stones on the ground."</p><br>
<p>The Biberkopf is a 2,599 m high mountain in the Alps on the border between Germany and Austria.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Biberkopf lies on the main crest of the Allgäu Alps on the border between the Bavarian district of Oberallgäu and the Tyrolean district of Reutte. It is around 15.5 km south-southwest of Oberstdorf and only about 2.5 km east of the Schrofen Pass.</p><br>
<p>The Biberkopf is sometimes described as the most southerly point in Bavaria and Germany, although its summit lies 110 metres further north than the Haldenwanger Eck, 4,088 metres to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Its fascinating shape makes the Biberkopf (literally: "beaver&#39;s head") one of the most striking mountains in the German Alps. Geologically the body of the summit is made of severely folded dolomite that was thrust up over marls. The very pure dolomite is the reason for the lack of vegetations on the mountain, because the content of clay minerals in the weathering products is insufficient for the formation of soil. By contrast, in the areas on marl strata there is a rich flora.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>From the Rappensee Hut and from Lechleiten (near Warth) marked routes run up the Biberkopf. These take about 2.5 to 3 hours. Both ascents cross exposed sections of steep rock and scree, which is why sure-footedness is required. Due to the installation of wire cables and other climbing aids the climbs may be attempted by less able climbers (UIAA grade I).</p><br>
<p>An ascent is not advisable in wet weather or conditions of snow and ice. Patches of snow remain all-year round on the northern slopes.</p><br>
<p>The routes to the summit are maintained by the German Alpine Club&#39;s branch at Obergünzburg, which belongs to the section at Kempten/Allgäu.</p><br>
<p>The south face of the Biberkopf was first climbed in 1922 by the Allgäu alpinist, Hermann Grosselfinger.</p><br>
<h2>Sources and maps</h2><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert, Alpenvereinsführer Allgäuer Alpen und Ammergauer Alpen, Munich 2004,</p><br>
<p>Alpenvereinskarte 1:25,000, Sheet3/2, Lechtaler Alpen, Arlberggebiet (The Biberkopf is right on the northern edge of the map, the Rappensee Hut is off the map)</p><br>
<p>Bayerisches Landervermessungsamt, 1:50.000, Sonderdruck Allgäuer Alpen, Blatt UK L8</p><br>
<p>The Bockkarkopf is a mountain, high, and part of the main ridge of the Allgäu Alps. It is the ninth highest peak in the Allgäu Alps and is located between the Wilder Mann to the southwest and the Hochfrottspitze to the northeast. The busy Heilbronn Way  runs over the pyramidal peak.</p><br>
<p>The Bavarian border with Tyrol runs over the summit.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The Bockkarkopf is usually only climbed from the Heilbronn Way. As a destination in itself it can be climbed in a circular tour from the Waltenberger Haus via the Hintere Bockkar and the Socktalscharte. The return journey to the mountain hut follows via the Bockkarscharte and the Vordere Bockkar. The tour can also be done in reverse.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Dieter Seibert: Allgäuer Alpen Alpin, Alpenvereinsführer. München, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother 2004.</p><br>
<p>Alpenvereinskarte 1:25.000, Blatt 2/1, Allgäuer- Lechtaler Alpen, West</p><br>
<p>The Bodenschneid is a 1,668 m high mountain in the Schliersee Mountains in the Mangfall range in the German Free State of Bavaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Bodenschneid rises between the lakes of Tegernsee, Schliersee and Spitzingsee and lies in the southern part of the district of Miesbach right on the boundary between the parishes of Kreuth to the west and Schliersee to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Bodenschneid is long ridge, treeless at the top, with steep crags in the north. Another ridge, the Peißenberg, runs away from the summit to the northwest to the less well-known peaks of Rinnerspitz, Wasserspitz and Rainerkopf.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The summit may be reached by foot from Fischhausen-Neuhaus (on the southern shore of Schliersee), from Spitzingsee, from the Suttengebiet (Moni Alm) or from Enterrottach (southeast of Tegernsee, parish of Rottach-Egern). Around 300 m below its highest point is Rettenböck Alm where there is an accommodation hut, Bodenschneidhaus, belonging to the German Alpine Club and which is open all-year round. The shortest ascent, from the Stümpfling (chairlifts from Sutten and Spitzing) over the gently ascending southern ridge, takes an hour.</p><br>
<p>Even in winter many ski tourers and snowshoe hikers make their way to the top from Fischhausen via the Bodenschneidhaus. This is the classic ascent, running initially through woods to the hut and finally climbing steeply up to the open summit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The poacher, Georg Jennerwein, was shot on the Peißenberg on 6 November 1877.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Reinhard Rolle: Hüttenwandern zwischen Garmisch und Berchtesgaden; Edition Förg, Rosenheim</p><br>
<p>Hohenstein Castle  in Middle Franconia is a castle in Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>The origin of the castle</h2><br>
<p>The origins of Hohenstein Castle probably go back to the 11th century. The first written mention is detectable only for year 1163, when a certain Sicolinus was used as a castle guard by Hohenstein. In the following centuries, there have been several changes in power relations: of the Sulzbacher counts they first came into the possession of the Hohenstaufen. Derived from the previously used name of this dynasty, the castle Hohenstein is now sometimes referred to as Hohenstaufen Castle. Later it became then, still in the possession of the Wittelsbach, the Luxembourg and at the end, back into the hands of the Bavarian dukes.</p><br>
<h2>Transition to the imperial city of Nuremberg</h2><br>
<p>In connection with the Landshut War of Succession, finally the imperial city of Nuremberg was in secure control of the castle and bought it in the 1505 sale. Subsequently, they then played an important role in the further history of Nuremberg. It was designated as the administrative seat of a Nuremberg keeper and played a prominent role in the management and defense of the Nuremberg newly acquired land area. This was, however, its half a century later in the Second Margrave War undoing. For the troops of the Niirnberg arch enemy, the Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach Albrecht Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, for Nuremberg was so important fortress and destroy take. Despite heavy devastation could be in this war then in the end but still said the imperial city and its allies against the Marquis. The Burg Hohenstein subsequently remained unchallenged possession in Nuremberg and was subsequently rebuilt, which, however, to the 17th century went.</p><br>
<h2>Decline</h2><br>
<p>The decisive break in the castle&#39;s history took place in 1806, when the story took place at Nuremberg as Imperial City to an end. Together with the rest of the land area of Nuremberg and the city itself, it was this year when the Kingdom of Bavaria took possession. Thus began the decline of the castle in its beginning, because parts of the castle have now been sold by the state for demolition. The castle was degraded to the quarry, and including the castle keep, fell victim to this misuse. It was not until about the middle of the 19th century, there began some rethinking, and there were attempts made to halt the further deterioration to stop now. The previous measures, however, had already caused too many substantial interventions to progress, so that the castle is still a semi-ruin.</p><br>
<p>Dreisesselberg  is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany, in the Bavarian Forest.</p><br>
<p>Three of the Chair Berg is a 1,333 m high mountain in the Bavarian Forest in Bavaria (Germany).</p><br>
<h2>Geographic Location of the mountain</h2><br>
<p>The three-chair mountain is located in the eastern part of Lower Bavaria in the district of Freyung-Grafenau. It rises southeast of the town Haidmühle and northeast of the town Neureichenau.</p><br>
<p>The Czech border runs some 370 metres southeast of the summits past the three-chair, the nearby Mount Plöckenstein located the border triangle Germany- Austria - Czech Republic is located about 3 km southeast of Threes chair (distances in each distance).</p><br>
<h2>Mountain Description</h2><br>
<p>At the highest point of the most heavily forested mountain Dreisessel, Hochstein called, is a distinctive granite rock with summit cross, from which one can enjoy the view.</p><br>
<p>Approximately 450 meters (line) south of the three-chair mountain peak is the three-seat rock, three bizarre granite rocks, from pillow-like shaped rocks known as the wool sack weathering there. Just north of this rock group is the three-seat house (1,312 m above sea level. NN) with the managed mountain inn Dreisessel. A few meters to the east runs the German-Czech border.</p><br>
<p>Up to three chairs store Dreisessel public road, so the Dreisselberg is often quite busy. It also marked hiking trails lead from all directions, for example by cross-stream hermitage from Haidmühle women&#39;s mountain or the Czech Nové Údolí on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>On the western slopes of Threes chair, the Haber Grasberg (1,235 m above sea level. NN), is the three-chair lift, a ski lift with a base station in Haidmühle Womens Mountain. On the three-chair mountain is located on the Bavarian side a nature reserve with a size of about 270 hectares. The parts of the eastern slope Czech territory belonging to the National Park Šumava (Bohemian Forest).</p><br>
<p>From a three Sesselberg out the ridge high ridge over the Bavarian Plöckenstein (1,365 m above sea level. NN) and the triangle of Germany-Austria-Czech Republic (1,321 m) to the Austria-Czech border on the main summit of Plöckenstein (1378.3 m). It runs along the German-Czech border and then on the Austria-Czech border. Just below them is on the Czech territory Plöckensteiner lake, the southern glacial lakes of the Bohemian Forest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to a legend, which also Adalbert Stifter says in his high-forest, to once the kings of Bavaria, Bohemia and Austria on the top of the chairs three have gathered, the limits of their dominions to negotiate. In reality, the name was "three chairs" until the 17th Century in use, first for the remarkable group of rocks at the summit, but soon all over the mountain. The actual frontier was only in 1765 between the Bishopric of Passau and Austria Archduchy and 1767 set a binding measure. Adalbert Stifter was the three-chair mountain except in the narrative high forest in his last novel, Witiko, and in his final story, from the Bavarian forests (both 1867), a literary monument. His reports of the three mountain chair was already a popular destination for hikers. In 1888 the section had three chairs of the Bavarian Forest Association built the first shelter. In addition to this 1913, the current building, which was modernized in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The Dreistelzberg, also called the Dreistelzkopf and frequently shortened to Dreistelz, is a mountain, in the Bavarian part of the Rhön Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is not one of the highest Rhön peaks, but thanks to its rather isolated location on the southwestern edge of the range it has a striking appearance, rising prominently above its surroundings.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>As the highest summit in the Brückenau Kuppenrhön the Dreistelzberg rises in the area where the range transitions to the Spessart mountains to the southwest, lying within the Rhön Biosphere Reserve and the Bavarian Rhön Nature Park. It is located in the county of Bad Kissingen around four kilometres south-southwest of the town of Bad Brückenau, immediately north-northwest of the village of Modlos and immediately west-southwest of the mountainside village of Dreistelz, both within the municipality of Oberleichtersbach.</p><br>
<h2>Observation tower</h2><br>
<p>In the western part of the summit region of the Dreistelzberg, which is accessible on woodland paths, stands an observation tower, which is architecturally interesting and extremely open, but nevertheless made in a sturdy, steel design. The tower comprises five, roughly 3 metre high steel lattice cuboids with a square cross-section of 4 metres per side. On the top is a viewing platform with a diameter of 4.5 metres. In 2002, the tower was completely renovated. It was dismantled and the individual components transported to a steel workshop where they were cleaned and hot-dip galvanized. The tower was then rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>There is an almost complete all-round view from the top of the tower. On clear days there are views to the west as far as the Großer Feldberg in the Taunus. To the southwest can be seen the hills of the Spessart. To the south the views extend as far as the heights of the Steigerwald. To the east, views of the Kreuzberg and the Black Hills (both part of the Rhön) are blocked by trees, but to the northeast can be seen the Dammersfeldkuppe and the town of Bad Brückenau in the valley of the Sinn below. To the north there is a view of the Knüll, and to the northwest the Vogelsberg can clearly be seen behind the Landrücken.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>According to legend the Dreistelz is named after three haughty young women (die drei Stolzen) whose castle was cursed by a pilgrim who visited them at night, but was turned away. The castle was swallowed up in the depths of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Ehrenbürg is located in the foothills of Franconian Switzerland, which is the northern part of the Franconian Jura, which in turn forms part of the South German Scarplands. It lies within the Franconian Switzerland and Veldenstein Forest Nature Park, approximately 2 km south-southeast of Kirchehrenbach, 1.4 km northwest of Leutenbach and 1.6 km east-northeast of Wiesenthau. Dietzhof, part of Leutenbach, and Schlaifhausen, part of Wiesenthau, lie south of the hill; Reuth, an eastern part of the town of Forchheim, lies west of it.</p><br>
<p>The hill is approximately 1.5 km long and 300 or 350 m wide at its widest. Its two peaks are 750 m apart, with a broad "saddle" between them. The Ehrenbach flows past the hill to the east; in Kirchehrenbach it joins the Wiesent-Mühlbach, a tributary of the Wiesent, which flows to the west.</p><br>
<h3>Protected areas</h3><br>
<p>The Ehrenbürg is located in the west of the twin natural protected areas of Ehrenbürg and Katzenköpfe, designated under the Habitats Directive of the European Union, and which are coterminous with the local extent of the bird protection area (Important Bird Area) Felsen- und Hangwälder in der Fränkischen Schweiz (cliffs and forested slopes of Little Switzerland). In addition, it is part of the western section of the Protected area Little Switzerland and Veldenstein Forest, which was founded in 2001 and comprises 1,021.64 km². The dry grassland habitat and rare plants, particularly orchids, caused the hill, in particular its higher parts, to be designated in 1987 as the Ehrenbürg Nature Protection Area, which is 1.55 km² in area, extending a maximum of approximately 2.3 km from north to south and 1 km from east to west.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>Overview</h3><br>
<p>The Ehrenbürg is an outlier that is separated by the Ehrenbach stream from the high plateau of the Franconian Jura. The roughly 1,500-metre-long and 300-metre-wide hill rises up to 250 metres above the plain of the Lower Wiesent Valley. It may be roughly divided into three areas: in the south is the Rodenstein with its summit and the Schlaifhausener Kopf, in the centre is a broad saddle and in the north is the Walberla, including the Denkmalfels and the Geierswandkopf.</p><br>
<p>At the start of the Jurassic, about 200 million years ago, a sea covered almost all of south Germany. During the Lower Jurassic (Lias) the region was initially still on the edge of the sea. Rivers transported sand from the mainlandinto the sea basin and the coast moved further southeast as a result. There in the still waters dark clays and marls were deposited.</p><br>
<p>The Ehrenbürgfelsen is designated a geotope by the Bavarian Department of the Environment.</p><br>
<h3>Steinerne Frau on the Walberla</h3><br>
<p>The Steinerne Frau ("Stone Woman") on the Walberla is a prominent rock formation on the western hillside of the Walberla. Weathering has resulted in erosion, especially of the vertical joints in the dolomite rock. Over time these crevices have become so extensively eroded that individual rock towers have been created. This rock tower has not been fully separated from the rock face in its lower section. The Steinerne Frau has been designated as a geotope, which was incorporated in September 2005 into the list of the most beautiful geotopes in Bavaria.</p><br>
<h3>Wiesenthauer Nadel</h3><br>
<p>About 100 metres south of the Steinerne Frau is the rock tower known as the Wiesenthauer Nadel ("Wiesenthau Needle"). This rock has been completed separated from its parent rock and is already tilting towards the valley.</p><br>
<h3>Zwillingsfelsen</h3><br>
<p>On the eastern edge of the Walberla are the Zwillingsfelsen ("Twin Rocks"). This rock pinnacle is also entirely independent of the neighbouring rock face and will probably collapse. It is designated as a geotope.</p><br>
<h2>Names and history</h2><br>
<p>The name Walberla is first recorded in an 18th-century document referring to students from Erlangen going up the mountain and is presumably derived from St Walburga. A 16th&ndash;17th-century chapel dedicated to her stands on the north peak; the first recorded mention of such a chapel is dated 1360.</p><br>
<p>The name Ehrenbürg appears to be earlier and has been variously interpreted. One interpretation derives it from Latin arca (protection) and German Burg (fortification), to mean "protective area" or "fort which is a safe retreat", another from Celtic *Ariacon or *Arika; and another from the Ehrenbach and the devices used to catch fish there. There are two local stories about fish. The chapel used to have a statue of the Virgin Mary with a water-filled crown in which a fish swam, and according to legend if the fish slapped its tail against the side of the crown, there would be a flood; also according to legend, an underground lake beneath the hill contains a fish so large that it must swallow its own tail, and if it released it, all the nearby settlements would be inundated by the resulting overflow.</p><br>
<p>The hill is also the subject of numerous legends about witches and hidden treasure, and the tale of a fabulous town which once stood at the foot of the hill, an accursed castle which stood where the chapel is now, and an evil woman who was turned to stone and became a rocky outcropping, the "steinerne Jungfrau" (stone virgin).</p><br>
<p>The hill was a settlement site from the early Neolithic (approximately 4000 BCE) until the end of the Roman period in the 5th century CE. In the late 14th century BCE, it became a hill fort; in the early Iron Age (approximately 550&ndash;380 BCE), under the Celtic Hallstatt and early La Tène cultures, it was a strongly fortified regional centre, with two gates and a citadel, and finds originating from Mediterranean cultures indicate far-flung trade. Remnants of these fortifications are still discernible. However, in the late Iron Age, during the late La Tène period (approximately 150&ndash;30 BCE) the hill was only lightly settled; instead, a large unfortified town grew up nearby at Altendorf. The defensive role of the Ehrenbürg appears to have been taken over by the Staffelberg. After an interruption, there was then possible occupation by Germanic people during the late Roman period, around 400 CE; unlike the Celtic settlement, only on the Rodenstein.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological finds indicate that during the Hallstatt and La Tène periods, the hill was the site of human sacrifices, possibly including cannibalism. Some human bones, such as a woman&#39;s skeleton which was unnaturally bent and buried under boulders, appear to be sacrifices for the luck of a building; some skulls have been cut up and had holes bored in them for use as amulettes; the armless and legless skeleton of a baby, and discarded fragments of human bones with cut marks, both suggest cannibalism. Nine skeletons of newborn babies were also found to have been buried against the eastern foundation of the chapel in the 17th or the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The first archaeological investigations of the Ehrenbürg were conducted beginning in 1903 by Hans Räbel (1872&ndash;1941), a teacher in Forchheim who founded the local historical society and was responsible for the foundation of the local museum. He succeeded in both saving Forchheim Castle and preventing development of the hill. Between 1989 and 1995, Björn-Uwe Abels of the Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege (Bavarian State Department of Preservation) conducted extensive excavations. In 2005, a tranche was then taken through the wall to reveal the phases of development. Finds from the site, and from the Staffelberg, are now on display at the Archäologiemuseum Oberfranken (Archaeology Museum of Upper Franconia), a branch of the Bavarian State Archaeological Collection housed in Forchheim Castle.</p><br>
<p>An early 16th-century wooden statue of St. Walburga by Hans Nußbaum used to stand in the chapel, flanked by statues of her brothers, but was stolen; on 1 May 2000, a new bronze statue in front of it, by Ernst Steinacker, was dedicated.</p><br>
<h2>Modern uses</h2><br>
<h3>Walberla-Fest</h3><br>
<p>The Walberla-Fest in honour of St. Walburga is the oldest spring festival in Germany; pilgrimages associated with the Walberla-Kärwa are attested as early as the 9th century. It supposedly derives from an ancient heathen festival. It grew from a pilgrimage into a widely attended fair. In 1801, geographer J. B. Koppelt described it as "a famous market... attended by merchants from Saxony, Bayreuth, the Palatinate and Nuremberg and where every imaginable class of merchandise is offered, especially shoes." It became particularly popular with students from the University of Erlangen; a student&#39;s account of attending the fair in 1798 is preserved. The poet Joseph Victor von Scheffel writes in his 1863 poem Exodus Cantorum – Bambergischer Domchorknaben Sängerfahrt:Ob Vorchheim bei Kirchehrenbach</p><br>
<p>Woll’n wir zu Berge steigen.</p><br>
<p>Dort schwingt sich am Walburgistag</p><br>
<p>Der Franken Maimarktreigen.</p><br>
<p>Der ist seit grauer Heidenzeit</p><br>
<p>Noch allem Landvolk theuer,</p><br>
<p>Schatzkind, halt Gürtel fest und Kleid,</p><br>
<p>Wir springen durch die Feuer!</p><br>
<p>Above Forchheim at Kirchehrenbach</p><br>
<p>Let&#39;s go up on the hilltop</p><br>
<p>There on St. Walburga&#39;s Day</p><br>
<p>The Franconian May-market dance is in full swing</p><br>
<p>Since dim days of heathendom</p><br>
<p>It has been dear to all people of the land</p><br>
<p>Darling, hold your belt and your dress tight</p><br>
<p>We&#39;re jumping through the fire!</p><br>
<p>Until 1910, the fair took place on the saint&#39;s day, 1 May; since then it has been held on the first Sunday in May.</p><br>
<h3>Climbing</h3><br>
<p>Climbing the Walberla has been forbidden since 1991. On the Rodenstein, only established routes may be climbed. There are 44 of these, up to UIAA grade VIII+. Major climbing routes are the Schlaifhausen Face, the Frankenschnellweg (Franconian Shortcut) and the Edelweiß Face.</p><br>
<p>The Funtenseetauern is a 2,579 m high border peak between Germany and Austria on the northern edge of the Steinernes Meer, one of the nine massifs of the Berchtesgaden Alps. The Funtenseetauern rises south of Berchtesgaden, its broad shoulder towering over the lakes of Königssee and Obersee. To the northwest of the Funtenseetauern and linked to it by a ridge is the Stuhljoch, whose Stuhlwand rock face drops steeply into the bowl of the Funtensee.</p><br>
<p>The usual approach begins from the Kärlingerhaus and takes 3 hours by foot passing the Stuhlwand ridge and the Stuhljoch (UIAA grade I, sure-footedness and a head for heights being required). Combining it with a descent through the cirque of Ledererkar enables the mountain to be crossed. The Funtenseetauern may also be climbed via the Ledererkar itself, via the north ridge from the Halsköpfl, from the Wasseralm, through the Unsünnigen Winkel or the Steinige Grube (as well as other unknown and more difficult variations).</p><br>
<p>In winter the Funtenseetauern is a worthwhile ski tour; the ascent usually being made as part of the Große Reibn multi-day tour. But it is also often climbed by skiers who overnight at the Kärlingerhaus.</p><br>
<p>The name Funtenseetauern is often wrongly seen as a plural and called in German die Funtenseetauern (die being the plural article as, correctly, used to describe die Hohe Tauern).</p><br>
<p>Geishöhe  is a 521 meter tall hill of Bavaria, Germany in the Mittelgebirge Spessart.</p><br>
<p>Oberwinterbach, a hamlet which ist part of the municipality Dammbach, lies on the plateau at the top of the hill. It is the permanently inhabited location with the highest elevation in the Spessart.</p><br>
<p>At the highest point of Geishöhe stands the Ludwig-Keller-Tower, a lookout tower build by the (the local rambling and naturalist organization) in 1936/37.</p><br>
<p>60 steps lead to a viewing platform with panoramic view of Spessart, Odenwald, Taunus and Rhön. It is named after the former chairman of the Spessartbund Ludwig Keller (1873 to 1932). Four marked hiking trails meet at the tower.</p><br>
<p>The lookout tower is used by amateur radio operators due to its exposed location.</p><br>
<p>100 meters east of the lookout tower rises a 35 meter high steel lattice mast with the antennas for the Geishöhe transmit and receive system.</p><br>
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<p>The Hoher Göll is a 2,522 m mountain in the Berchtesgaden Alps, the highest peak of the Göll massif, which straddles the border between the German state of Bavaria and Salzburg, Austria.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rising above Obersalzberg near Berchtesgaden, the massif is situated between the Königssee and the Königsseer Ache in the west, opposite the Watzmann, and the Salzach Valley of the Tennengau region in the east. Neighbouring peaks include Hohes Brett, Jenner and the Kehlstein spur with the famous Kehlsteinhaus, linked with the Hoher Göll via the Mannlgrat ridge.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>The first documented ascent was made by the ordinand Valentin Stanič from Bodrež in Gorizia and Gradisca, who at that time studied theology at the nearby University of Salzburg and had also climbed the Watzmann peak.</p><br>
<p>A wide variety of routes lead to its summit, ranging from UIAA Grade I on a Klettersteig up the Mannlgrat ridge</p><br>
<p>to UIAA Grade VIII up the West face. The Kehlsteinhaus is located on the German side, at 1,834 m (6,034&#39;). A trail leads from it to the Mannlgrat, the easiest route to the top.</p><br>
<p>Another popular round-trip ascent of the Hoher Göll is from the Purtschellerhaus mountain hut up to the summit and down to the Stahl-Haus.</p><br>
<p>Pitman Grove, is located in Pitman, Gloucester County, New Jersey. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1977. The Pitman Grove Area is on the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places. It developed from a summer camp meeting at the turn of the century. In the center of the Grove area is the Camp Meeting Auditorium which was built in 1882 and recently renovated by the Borough. This historic building was once the center of Methodist worship. People came from far away for revival meetings at the Auditorium; the first such meeting was held in 1871.</p><br>
<p>There are 12 "avenues", number 1 through 12 representing the disciples of Christ, that are joined to the auditorium as spokes on the hub of a wheel. There is a spot in the tabernacle where you can stand and look down all 12 avenues. Eventually small cottages were built on these avenues and this was the origin of the town. Today the "avenues" are actually narrow sidewalks.</p><br>
<p>In 1905, Pitman Grove became the Borough of Pitman. Back then, Pitman was known as a place with no mosquitoes, no malaria and no saloons.</p><br>
<p>The region around Fontainebleau in France is particularly famous for its concentrated bouldering areas. French alpine climbers practiced bouldering there since the 19th century. It remains today a prime climbing location. It is the biggest and most developed bouldering area in the world.</p><br>
<p>The Fontainebleau climbing areas are located in a forested area south of Paris. They are colloquially known as "Font" to English speakers, and as Bleau in France. They are located mostly within the Forêt Domaniale (National Forest) de Fontainebleau, near the town of Fontainebleau, des Trois Pignons (near Milly-la-Forêt) and de la Commanderie (near Larchant).</p><br>
<p>Some of the major areas are:</p><br>
<p>Le Cul de Chien in les Trois Pignons</p><br>
<p>le Cuvier (Bas-Cuvier, Cuvier Rempart) and les Gorges d&#39;Apremont in Forêt de Fontainebleau</p><br>
<p>La Dame Jouanne and l&#39;Éléphant at Larchant, in Forêt de la Commanderie</p><br>
<p>Although at a farther distance, the climbing areas of Beauvais (Nainville-les-Roches, north of Milly), Nemours, Buthiers-Malesherbes (west of Larchant) and Chamarande are similar and are considered part of Bleau.</p><br>
<p>The Fontainebleau grading system originated here.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the end of the 1800s, Aldolphe Joanne, the president of the Club Alpin Français, invited foreign visitors to visit the sites of Franchard and Apremont. In 1900, the Club Alpin Français organised a meet to ascend "the Gorges d&#39;Apremont range" and then go to Larchant, whose huge rocks constitute the "usual practicing area of the Paris Section of CAF."</p><br>
<p>Several Bleau boulders or routes are named after famous climbers of the beginning of the 20th century: Prestat, Wehrlin, Maunoury, Gaché, Labour, Paillon, Souverain, and the famous Pierre Allain, the inventor of the smooth-sole climbing shoe (named P.A. from his initials). Before World War II, most of the areas that are popular today were already well known to Parisian climbers, except for Les Trois Pignons, which was not easily accessible by public transport.</p><br>
<p>At the time, people would climb in Fontainebleau primarily to train for mountain climbing. Thus, the 1936 French expedition to the Karakoram included several Bleausards (Bleau climbers). Bleausards Robert Paragot, Lucien Bérardini and René Ferlet made the first ascent of the South Face of Aconcagua in 1954.</p><br>
<p>Initially, there were no formalised routes; climbers would choose the most remarkable boulders, aiming for the highest and most committed ones, as a preparation for the mountains.</p><br>
<p>The first guidebook appeared in 1945, written by Maurice Martin, providing a map of blocks and routes with their names and ratings. The first painted route was created in 1947 by Fred Bernick in the Cuvier Rempart area, followed by routes at Les Gorges d&#39;Apremont painted by Pierre Mercier in 1952. The standardisation of route colour by difficulty (Yellow=PD, Orange=AD, Blue=D, Red=TD, Black=ED, White=ED+) dates back to the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Today, most Bleau climbing areas are owned by the French state and managed by the Office National des Forêts, in cooperation with the local governments and with climbers&#39; federations.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The boulders in Fontainebleau are erosive remnants from the Oligocene age, relatively young in geological terms. Their appearance may have been accentuated by localised mineralisation (silification) of the sandstone rock, forming large nodules that are resistant to erosion.</p><br>
<h2>Grading system and route marking</h2><br>
<p>Two complementary grading systems are in use.</p><br>
<p>The adjectival system ("difficulté" in French guidebooks), going from F (Facile, easy) to ED+ (Extrêmement Difficile Supérieur, Extremely Difficult Higher), applies to a whole route. It measures the overall difficulty and danger of the route. (An easy route with a single hard move is graded lower than one where the hardest move is the same, but many moves are hard or unprotected.)</p><br>
<p>The numerical system ("cotation" in French), ranging from 1a to 9A, that measures the difficulty of a single boulder or move. The numerical grade of a route used to be the grade of the whole route&#39;s most difficult move, but no longer, due to the difficulty of linking several difficult moves obviously being a factor.</p><br>
<p>This is now widely used also in other bouldering areas around the world. However, the Bleau grades are generally more severe; thus an 8A route outside of Bleau is significantly easier than an 8A boulder problem in Bleau.</p><br>
<h3>Route paint marks</h3><br>
<p>The typical Bleau landscape is a "chaos" of rocks (no more than a few meters high) spread over a sandy plain.</p><br>
<p>A climbing route threads its way from boulder to boulder.</p><br>
<p>Routes (circuits in French) are numbered within the restricted area (say, within Les Gorges d&#39;Apremont).</p><br>
<p>Routes are colour-coded according to their adjectival grade:</p><br>
<p>(The Translation column is a literal translation of the French adjective; do not assume any relation to any other grading system.)</p><br>
<p>A small number of routes have retained their historical, non-standard colour, notably at Les Gorges d&#39;Apremont (La bleue outremer=marine blue) and La Dame Jouanne (La mauve=purple). All the boulders used along a given route are marked the same colour. The difficulty of each individual move can be found in guidebooks.</p><br>
<p>The first rock of the route (le départ) carries a white painted rectangle inscribed with the route number and its grading (e.g. AD+) in the appropriate colour (orange in this example). On each individual boulder, an arrow indicates the general direction of climb. Problem boulders are numbered in sequence (number 1 is typically the boulder after the départ); easier, transition boulders are marked with an unnumbered arrow. Alternative problems are marked with an arrow and a b (bis) or a t (ter), or with a small triangle (variante). Where the same route crosses a boulder twice, the first arrow is marked A (aller) and the second R (retour). The final boulder is marked with a circled A (arrivée).</p><br>
<p>The body is positioned such that the arrow is at navel level. Generally, all holds within reasonable reach are allowed; occasionally, a forbidden hold may be indicated by a dashed line. A lone dot indicates a suggested foothold. A dot within a broken circle indicates a jump. A dot with a triangle indicates the general direction of the next boulder.</p><br>
<p>Some routes, called parcours montagne, intended to emulate a mountain route, are bi-directional and are indicated by a line rather than an arrow.</p><br>
<p>Very few of these remain; there is one, for instance, at Franchard-Cuisinière.</p><br>
<p>Hahnenkamm  is a ridge of hills in the northwest of the Spessart range of Bavaria, Germany. It has an elevation of up to 435.5 m above NHN.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>Hahnenkamm lies east of Alzenau in the district of Aschaffenburg in the far northwest of the state of Bavaria. It is part of the Mittelgebirge Spessart (more precisely the Vorspessart) and is located between the Kahlgrund, the valley of the river Kahl, and the Untermainsenke, the valley of the river Main. To the north, the Hahnenkamm is delimited by the river Kahl, to the south by the.</p><br>
<p>Schanzenkopf is part of the Hahnenkamm.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Hahnenkamm means roosters comb in German. The name likely derives from the ridges quite small width (for a Mittelgebirge) and the blocks of quartzite sticking up out of it.</p><br>
<p>The Giebel is the northeastern corner of the mountain chain that branches off to the northeast at the Laufbacher Eck. It has a height of 1,949 metres and belongs to the Allgäu grass mountains. Northeast of the Giebel lies the Alpine hut of Giebelhaus, which may be reached on a road from Hinterstein that is not open to the public. From the Giebel there are impressive views down to the Giebelhaus.</p><br>
<p>No waymarked path leads to the Giebel. It may be ascended, however, from the Feldalpe on trackless terrain. This climb requires a head for heights and sure-footedness. A crossing of the entire ridge from the Giebel via the Berggächtle and the Salober to the Laufbacher Eck is occasionally attempted by experienced mountain climbers (climbing grade UIAA III).</p><br>
<p>The botany of the Giebel is similar to that of the more famous Höfats or Schneck.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Allgäuer Bergnamen, Lindenberg, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 2007,</p><br>
<p>Zettler/Groth: Alpenvereinsführer Allgäuer Alpen. Munich, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Hinterreintalschrofen is a 2,669 m high peak on the main, east-west oriented crest  of the Wetterstein Mountains in the Eastern Alps. It is a massive and dominant mountain with a high rock face that plunges into the Reintal valley to the north and stamps the appearance of the Wetterstein when seen from the north. In spite of that, the mountain is rarely climbed. Its neighbouring peaks are the Hochwanner  to the west and the Hundstallköpfe  to the east. The Teufelsgrat runs along the national border between the Austrian state of Tyrol,  in the south and the German state of Bavaria,  in the north.</p><br>
<h2>First ascent</h2><br>
<p>The mountain was first climbed either on 1 September 1871 by Freiherr Hermann von Barth or, according Stefan Beulke, not until 1897 by A. Heinrich and F. Henning.</p><br>
<h2>Bases in the Gaistal valley</h2><br>
<p>Gaistalalm at 1356 m</p><br>
<p>Rotmoosalm at 1810 m</p><br>
<p>Hemermoosalm at 1417 m</p><br>
<h2>Easiest ascent</h2><br>
<p>From the Rotmoosalm the normal route takes from 2 to 3 hours and runs up the southern flank of the Hinterreintalschrofen through rock gullies and scree slopes with rock outcrops to a crossing on the narrow western arête (Westgrat), which runs, exposed in places, to the very exposed summit. This route requires an ability to cope with grade I (UIAA) climbs.</p><br>
<p>Hocheck is a mountain in the district of Rosenheim, Bavaria, Germany. It is closely associated with the nearby town of Oberaudorf.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is about 860 metres high. The summit can be reached in about 50 minutes by foot or in about 10 minutes by cable car from Oberaudorf. From the top there is a view of Kranzhorn and Spitzstein. The cable car station is accessible by car, approximately a five-minute drive from the motorway exit for Oberaudorf. The mountain hosts a resort that has been renovated in the last 10 years with a new 4-chair lift, an illuminated night ski-slope, and a modern snowmaking system. The resort also has the world&#39;s only summer toboggan run with a 360-degree loop.</p><br>
<p>The Hocheck cable car is a 1450 metres long with an altitude increase of 310 metres, and its station is installed on 16 columns and was built in five months in 2002.</p><br>
<p></text></p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Hocheisspitze is a 2,523 m high mountain in the Berchtesgaden Alps, over which the border between Germany and Austria runs. It is also the highest mountain in the eponymous Hocheis Group that belongs to the Hochkalter Massif.</p><br>
<p>The first reported ascent of the Hocheisspitze was by Hermann von Barth on 6 September 1868, although it is suspected that the mountain had been climbed much earlier.</p><br>
<p>The unmarked normal route runs over the Hocheis Cirque (Hocheiskar) up to the summit from the west. The top can also be reached over the sharp ridge between the Kammerlinghorn and the Hocheisspitze. However, that requires sections of UIAA grade II-III to be climbed. In winter ski mountaineers undertake ski tours of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>The Hochfrottspitze is a 2,649 metre high mountain, made of main dolomite, in the Allgäu Alps near Oberstdorf in Germany and the highest German mountain in the Allgäu Alps. The border with Austria runs along its ridge.</p><br>
<p>Together with the Trettachspitze and Mädelegabel, the Hochfrottspitze forms the famous triumvirate of peaks on the main crest of the Allgäu Alps. The busy Heilbronn Way (Heilbronner Weg) runs past it to the south and east, about 100–150 metres below the summit. In spite of that, the summit is rarely climbed because the routes to it are challenging. Climbers leave the Heilbronn Way at the wind gap of the Bockkarscharte and ascend from the south following a faint path through broken rubble and schrofen terrain with climbs of UIAA grade I to the start of the vertical summit face which is an exposed grade II+ climb. Somewhat simpler is the western approach from the Waltenberger Haus: this follows the route to the Bockarscharte; it then leaves the path after 20 minutes to climb up steep gullies (grade I) to the arête of the Mountains of Good Hope (Berge der guten Hoffnung). It continues over the scree-covered western ridge, trackless in places, up steps, along railings and climbing sections up to grade I to the summit. Another alternative is the ridge crossing from the Mädelegabel to Hochfrottspitze (exposed grade II climb). The wind gap between the two peaks can be climbed directly from the Schwarzmilzferner.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was first climbed in 1869 by Hermann von Barth.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Die Flurnamen der Gemeinde Oberstdorf im Allgäu, München, Selbstverlag des Verbandes für Flurnamenforschung in Bayern, 1972</p><br>
<p>Alpenvereinskarte 1:25,000, Sheet 2/1, Allgäuer- Lechtaler Alpen, West</p><br>
<p>The Hochvogel is a 2,592 m mountain in the Allgäu Alps. The national border between Germany and Austria runs over the summit. Experienced climbers can ascend the summit on two marked routes.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Hochvogel consists of main dolomite. The highest and most striking mountains in the Allgäu Alps are all made of this rock. Tectonically the Hochvogel and its main dolomite formation belong to the so-called Lech Valley Nappe (Lechtaldecke).</p><br>
<p>This rock package was overthrust over younger layers of rock during the course of Alpine mountain folding. The main dolomite is brittle in places, but forms striking rock formations in places in conjunction with the forces of erosion. The hut diary of the Prinz Luitpold Haus reports a mighty landslide on 27 May 1935 when thousands of cubic metres of rock from the southwest face crashed down into the valley.</p><br>
<p>Although only the thirteenth highest summit in the Allgäu Alps, the Hochvogel dominates other parts of Allgäu Alps and the other ranges in the immediate neighbourhood. This is due to the fact that the majority of the higher peaks are concentrated in the central and western part of the Allgäu Alps. The Hochvogel stands on its own in the eastern part of the mountain group; the nearest neighbouring summits are 200 to 300 metres lower.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing history</h2><br>
<p>The older, now out-of-print editions of the Alpine Club Guide (Alpenvereinsführer) for the Allgäu Alps state that the mountain was first climbed a long time ago. A shepherd&#39;s boy from Hinterhornbach is said to have already climbed it in 1767. In 1818, the surveyors supposedly found a ruined cairn at the top. The first ascent was at least as long ago as 1818, when the Allgäu Alps were surveyed and the Hochvogel summit was used as a triangulation point. However, when a man named Trobitius from Kempten climbed the peak in 1832, some of his fellow townsfolk refused to believe him as the mountain was still considered unclimbable by many.</p><br>
<p>One of the most notable touristic climbs was by Hermann von Barth, who stayed overnight at the summit in 1869. On 19 July that year he started off from Sonthofen in the morning and reached Hinterstein, travelling exclusively on foot, where he took a midday rest around 12 oclock before continuing. Passing the Bärgündlealpe alps, the Balkenscharte saddle and the Kalter Winkel he reached the summit of the Hochvogel at around 8 oclock in the evening. On the next day he climbed south on the eastern side of the south-southwestern arête into the Rosskar cirque and continued down to Hinterhornbach. On that day he arrived at the confluence of the Schwarzwasserbach and the Lech, where he stayed in an abandoned Alpine hut. The next day he walked via Weißenbach and the Gaicht Pass to Nesselwängle, climbed the Aggenstein and overnighted in Schattwald. On the fourth day of his great tour he returned to Sonthofen in the morning.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The side of the Hochvogel lying on German territory, including the neighbouring mountains and valleys, is part of the Allgäu High Alps Nature Reserve. On the Austrian side there is no nature reserve near the summit. The bottom of the Hornbach valley, which borders the Hochvogel to the south, together with large parts of the Lech valley and its side valleys was designated on 1 December 2004 as the Tyrolean Lech Nature Reserve. It has an area of.</p><br>
<h2>Alpinism</h2><br>
<h3>Valley settlements / Bases</h3><br>
<p>Hinterhornbach is the valley settlement on the southern side (in the Tyrol, Austria). Hinterstein is the village on the northern side (in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany). The approach routes from the two valleys are very different. Hinterhornbach is located immediately at the foot of the Hochvogel, its summit – admittedly not its picturesque side (Schauseite) – can be seen from the village. By contrast, Hinterstein is relatively far down the valley. The Hochvogel cannot be seen from Hinterstein or its neighbouring valleys.</p><br>
<p>On the German side there is a climber&#39;s base, the Prinz Luitpold Haus, run by the German Alpine Club. This Alpine hut may be reached from Hinterstein on the road to the Giebelhaus by bus (it is closed to private vehicles), and then on the farm track to the Bärgündletal valley and on the Alpine Club path (Alpenvereinsweg) to the hut.</p><br>
<h3>Climbing</h3><br>
<p>An ascent of the Hochvogel is a climbing tour with a UIAA climbing grade of I. The normal route runs from the Prinz Luitpold Haus in 2½ hours over the Balkenscharte saddle and the snowfield of the Kalter Winkel to the summit. In early summer, crampons or Grödeln (=light crampons) will be needed to negotiate the said snowfield. The Kalter Winkel can be circumvented by using a partially secured climb via the Kreuzspitze, which joins the route from the Prinz Luitpold Haus above the snowfield. The rather more challenging Bäumenheimer Weg runs from the south, starting at Hinterhornbach in the Lechtal and takes 4½ hours to the top. The Bäumenheimer Weg can also be used in winter.</p><br>
<p>Starting at the Prinz Luitpold Haus, hikers can ascend on the normal path and descend over the Bäumenheimer Weg. At the foot of the Bäumenheimer Weg there is a linking path over the Fuchsen saddle, that leads back to the Prinz Luitpold Haus.</p><br>
<p>The out-of-print editions of the Alpine Club Guides for the Allgäu Alps also show several climbing routes. These are:</p><br>
<p>West pillar (Westpfeiler), UIAA grade IV+</p><br>
<p>Southwest face (Südwestwand), grade III–IV</p><br>
<p>Northeast face (Nordostwand), grade IV+–VI−</p><br>
<p>North pillar (Nordpfeiler), grade III</p><br>
<p>Hochvogel east shoulder, north face (Hochvogel-Ostschulter, Nordwand), grade IV+–VI</p><br>
<p>Hochvogel east shoulder, southwest face (Hochvogel-Nordwestschulter, Südwestgrat), grade IV</p><br>
<p>East-northeast arête (Ostnordostgrat), grade III</p><br>
<p>Southeast face (Südostwand), grade IV–VI</p><br>
<p>The current 16th edition of the Alpine Club Guide only contains routes up to climbing grade II. This means that in the literature today only the two normal routes to the Hochvogel are described. In 2006, however, the Allgäu-Immenstadt DAV Section put forward a DAV hut guide for the Prinz Luitpold Haus that presents the four current climbing routes on the northern side of the Hochvogel on one photograph and describes and assesses them in the text.</p><br>
<p>In the era of sport climbing, the climbing routes on the Hochvogel, which involve brittle rock and a long approach march, are rarely used.</p><br>
<h2>Views</h2><br>
<p>The view from the top is vast and grandiose, encompassing many of the peaks in the Allgäu Alps as well as those in the neighbouring Lechtal Alps to the south. To the east, the view extends over other chains in the Northern Limestone Alps as far as the Wetterstein and Karwendel. To the south, a panorama of the central Alpine ridge opens up from the High Tauern across the Zillertal, Stubai and Ötztal Alps to the mountains of the Albula and the Silvretta. To the west, the Swiss Alps - the Alpstein (Säntis) and the Glarus Alps (Tödi) can be seen. And, to the north, the view extends far beyond the Swabian Alps to the Black Forest and the Swabian Jura. The best views tend to occur in the autumn and winter rather than in spring and summer.</p><br>
<h2>Aircraft crash</h2><br>
<p>On 14 December 1945 an American Flying Fortress (a four-engine bomber) crashed on the western flank of the Hochvogel. The aircraft came from Belgium and actually intended to land at the Lechfeld Air Base. The accident killed all six crew members. their remains could not be retrieved until months later because of their location on steep slopes and heavy snow.</p><br>
<p>According to the United States Air Force the accident was due to a navigation error when the aircraft flew into a snowstorm. The wreck of the machine was dismantled in the 1950s and carried away.</p><br>
<p>The Höfats is a 2,259 m high mountain in the Allgäu Alps. Located near Oberstdorf, it separates the Oy and the Dietersbach valleys, along with the Rauheck and other lower summits. With its very steep faces it is the most striking of the Allgau "grass mountains"  and is unique in the Eastern Alps. It may be compared to the mountains of the Lofoten.</p><br>
<h2>Location and surrounding area</h2><br>
<p>The Höfats has four almost equally high and narrow summits, whose appearance has been said in the past to resemble that of a Gothic cathedral.</p><br>
<p>The four summits of the Höfats divide into two pairs of peaks that are separated by the Höfats wind gap (Höfatsscharte, 2207 m). Between the summits of the two pairs of peaks are smaller gaps (about 2233 m and 2227 m high). All of the peaks sit on the crest of a ridge that runs from Rauheck towards the northwest.</p><br>
<p>From the eastern summit (Ostgipfel) (2259 m) a ridge runs towards the southeast to a saddle, the Älpelesattel, and a ledge heads east-southeast, the centre of which has an overhang (the Höfatszahn). Between the ridge and the edge is the southeast face of the eastern summit. In addition, a slight ridge runs from the eastern summit to the southwest, which separates the ravine of Bergangertobel in the east from the Höfats basin (Höfatswanne) in the west.</p><br>
<p>The next summit is the central one (Mittelgipfel, 2257 m) which is actually only a 20 m long, horizontal edge, which apart from the two main ridges, only has a ridge descending to the southwest that ends in the Höfatswanne as a pillar. At the foot of this ridge is a cave (Höfatsgufel or Gufel). On the eastern side of the central peak, there is no corresponding ridge; instead the face drops several hundred metres, partially overhanging, into the Rotes Loch.</p><br>
<p>The longest ridge in the vicinity of the Höfats, runs northeast from the next peak after the Höfatsscharte wind gap, the second summit or Zweiter Gipfel (2258.8 m). Initially, this drops off steeply down to the wind gap (Schärtele) between Höfats and Kleine Höfats and continues as the northeastern ridge of the Kleine Höfats. The north face of the second peak drops vertically in places down to the Rauher Hals. Beneath the foot of the rock face is a prominent rock pinnacle, the Höfatsnadel.</p><br>
<p>The western peak (Westgipfel, 2257.7 m) is connected to the second peak by a less pronounced wind gap. The north ridge (Nordgrat) runs northwards from the west summit, which drops steeply to the Rauhenhalsgrat. The ridge heading southwest and topped with small rock towers, borders the western side of the Höfatswanne.</p><br>
<p>The Königsheide in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains is a high, forested ridge, made of gneiss-phyllite rock, to the southwest of the Ochsenkopf mountain. It is bordered to the east and south by the river of the Warme Steinach, and to the west by the Franconian Line. The villages of Warmensteinach and Weidenberg and the town of Goldkronach lie on the Königsheide.</p><br>
<p>In a narrower sense the Königsheide refers to the partly boggy high plateau around its highest peak, the Hohberg.</p><br>
<p>The origin of the name of this forested ridge has not been fully established. In 1317 the region was called Wulwingesheide and then, in 1542, the Königsheide ("King&#39;s Heath").</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The wooded area is a state forest; there are no public roads, only forestry tracks. Local history researchers have determined that an important historic road (Altstraße) ran from Nemmersdorf (part of Goldkronach) over the ridge to Warmensteinach. It came from the Franconian Jura and went to Eger, which is why it is referred in the literature as Egerer Straße ("The Eger Road").</p><br>
<p>Numerous marked hiking trails have been laid out through the forest by the Fichtelgebirge Club. An interesting trail approaches from the south, from Markt Weidenberg, and runs over the Hohberg to the places of interest. From the west are the three major trails known as West Way (Westweg), South Way (Südweg) and Middle Way (Mittelweg). A white/blue/white signposted trail links the village of Nemmersdorf with Warmensteinach, running up the Himmelsleiter over the Königsheide.</p><br>
<p>Hohes Brett is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<p>The Hohes Brett (~high shelf) is a 2,340 meter (2,338 m above sea level, according to other data) high mountain in Goellstock, which is located in the Berchtesgadener Alps. The border between Germany (state of Bavaria) and Austria runs over its peak. Its name is derived from the flat, rocky plateau near the peak, which offers a good overview of the Berchtesgadener Alps and to the Tennen Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Hohes Brett is considered an unproblematic and worthwhile mountain hike, and in addition to the Schneibstein is counted among the easiest "two-thousanders" in the Berchtesgaden region. The normal path begins at the Jennerbahn mountain station and leads over the Carl-von-Stahl-Haus (1731 m), the steep southern flank (briefly exposed, but secured) and the Jaegerkreuz (hunter&#39;s cross) on to the peak in a good 2 hours. Another possible starting point with a marked difference in elevation would be Hinterbrand, from where you would reach the peak by crossing through the Mitterkaser Alm, the southern flank and the hunter&#39;s cross to the peak, which takes a good 3 hours. Alternatively, you might climb over the Brettgabel from there, although there is almost no trail along this route after the Brettgabel and is indicated by just a few markers.</p><br>
<p>Also worthwhile is the ridge pass over the Archenkoepfe and the Kuchlerkreuz (Kuchler cross) to the Hohe Goell. This stretch, which requires that you have sure footing and not be afraid of heights, offers a good panorama. From the Hohes Goell, you can descend along other routes as well, for example to the Purtschellerhaus or over the Alpeltalsteig (no. 457).</p><br>
<p>The Großer Hundstod is, at 2,593 metres, one of the main peaks in the Steinernes Meer in the Berchtesgaden Alps, and lies on the border between Bavaria and the Austrian state of Salzburg.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Großer Hundstod is one of the higher mountains in the Berchtesgaden Alps, and lies south of the Hochkalter and Watzmann in Berchtesgadener Land. Its dominant rocky summit rises over the southern flank of the Steinernes Meer, as seen from the Pinzgau near Zell am See, and at the end of the Dießbach Reservoir (Dießbach zur Saalach).</p><br>
<p>From the summit there is a panoramic view in all directions on clear days. To the north is the Hoher Göll, to the east the Teufelshörner, to the southeast the Hochkönig and the rest of the Steinernes Meer, to the south the Zell Basin, and the High Tauern, to the west the Loferer Steinberge and the Kaiser Mountains and to the north the Hochkalter and the Watzmann.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>There is a marked route up the Großer Hundstod for sure-footed mountain walkers with a head for heights that runs from the Ingolstädter Haus along the steep southern flank across schrofen and scree taking a good hour to reach the summit. The Ingolstädter Haus is reached as follows: either from the Salzburg Saalach valley near Pürzlbach past the Dießbach Reservoir (in ca. 4 hrs); from St. Bartholomä on the Königssee lake via the Kärlingerhaus (in ca. 6 hrs) or from Ramsau bei Berchtesgaden via the Wimbachgries Hut and the Hundstodgatterl (in ca. 6 hrs).</p><br>
<p>In addition the Alpine Club map shows a climb from the southeast. Apart from that there are other possible ascents, which however all demand a lot of alpine experience, most of them involve climbing and a good local knowledge. For example, there is a trackless route over the northern flank (easy climbing, access from the wind gap between Hundstodkendlkopf and Großer Hundstod). On the western and eastern sides of the Großer Hundstod are climbing routes up to extreme grade.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Kyselak reported his ascent of the Hundskopftods in 1825. He went from Königssee following the Sausteig path into the Steinernes Meer and the Weisbachwand to Saalfelden.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Hoher Ifen  is a 2,230 metre  high mountain in the Allgäu Alps, west of the Kleinwalsertal valley. In winter it forms the backdrop for a small ski area. It lies on the border between Germany and Austria. The summit is the highest point on the gently, tilted Ifen plateau.</p><br>
<p>Northeast of the Ifen plateau is the Gottesacker plateau, a karst landscape which has been designated a nature reserve and which has numerous caves and rare mountain plants. The most important caves are the Hölloch im Mahdtal and the Schneckenloch Cave near Schönenbach.</p><br>
<p>On the eastern slopes of the massif a Stone Age dwelling site was discovered on the mountain pasture of Schneiderkürenalpe at a height of about 1,500 m.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing, hunting and conservation</h2><br>
<p>On the southern side of the mountain an undisturbed wildlife area has been declared by the Bregenz district commission at the instigation of the Walser Hunting Club (Walser Jägerschaft), that has restricted the usual Austrian freedom of passage in accordance with § 33 of the Forestry Act. Mountaineering clubs, in particular the German Alpine Club, the Austrian Alpine Club and Allgäu Climbing Group (IG Klettern Allgäu) have criticised the regulation by the Bregenz district commission, because, within its boundaries, on the southern edge of the plateau and at Bärenköpfe is one of the best sport climbing areas in the Alps. The south faces are called the Céüse of the Allgäu, a comparison to the most famous climbing area in Europe.</p><br>
<h2>Ski area</h2><br>
<p>At the beginning of the 1970s the first ski lifts appeared on the Ifen, from which todays company, the Ifen-Bergbahn-Gesellschaft, emerged. For a long time it was mostly owned by Ruth Merckle, the wife of the pharmaceutical businessman Adolf Merckle. By taking over the Merckle familys 82% share and the 18% share of the family of Kleinwalsertal tourism pioneer, Alfons Herz, on 1 July 2009, the Ifen Bergbahn GmbH u. Co gained full ownership of the Kleinwalsertaler Bergbahn (KBB), Riezlern, whose main shareholders are the Allgäuer Überlandwerk and the Raiffeisen Holding Kleinwalsertal.</p><br>
<p>The Kleinwalsertaler Bergbahn AG plans to build a link lift to the Walmendinger Horn</p><br>
<p>The expansion plans were sharply criticised by several associations because they were viewed as damaging to the environment and would promote mass tourism.</p><br>
<p>The Austrian Alpine Club section in the Kleinwalsertal criticised the plans as follows: The construction of this lift cannot be done in harmony with nature as we would wish to remind those launching such an initiative!</p><br>
<p>The Kleinwalsertal Landscape Protection Society (Landschaftsschutz Kleinwalsertal) expressed similar views. On October 21, 2012 a referendum was held. About 55% of the voters rejected the proposal to build the lift.</p><br>
<h2>Panorama</h2><br>
<p>The Kahlersberg is a 2,350 metre high mountain in the Northern Limestone Alps  in the Berchtesgaden Alps on the border between Germany  and Austria .</p><br>
<p>From the west a steep, marked climb (Route 496) runs through the so-called Mausloch ("Mousehole") to the summit.</p><br>
<p>The summit can also be reached along the Eisenpfad ("Iron Path"), a path which approaches from the southwest, from the Landtal valley, is very steep in places and has old markings.</p><br>
<p>A trackless descent variant runs from the Fensterl, a wind gap with a striking, small pit (in the right of the picture; the fourth wind gap left of the summit), northwards and down into the bowl between the Kahlersberg and the Hochseeleinkopf. This descent drops down mainly over steep scree.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Karkopf is a mountain, and the highest peak of the whole Lattengebirge range in the German state of Bavaria. It lies exactly on the boundary between the municipality of Bayerisch Gmain  to the west and the municipality of Bischofswiesen  to the east.</p><br>
<p>As a consequence of its good long-distance views over the whole mountain massif, the mountain is a popular walking area. The mountains of Untersberg, Hoher Göll and Watzmann may be seen to the south, and the Zwiesel and Hochstaufen to the north. The summit may be ascended from various sides, e.g. via the Predigtstuhl or along the Törlschneid from Winkl. The ascent on the Alpgartensteig path has an easy klettersteig character with several ladders, steps and cables as protection. The route is only suited to experienced mountain walkers, because you need to have a head for heights and sure-footedness.</p><br>
<p>From the top, you can walk to the top station of the Predigtstuhl Cable Car and from there get to the Bad Reichenhall Cable Car. It is also possible to walk from the Steinerne Agnes rocks and to the Rotofen rock towers.</p><br>
<p>The Östliche Karwendelspitze is a mountain formed from Wetterstein limestone in the Karwendel mountains on the border between Bavaria and Tyrol. It is the highest mountain of the Northern Karwendel chain and the highest German peak in the Karwendel. It was first climbed by Hermann von Barth on 4 July 1870.</p><br>
<p>The summit may be reached in 2½ hours from the Karwendelhaus on a partially trackless mountain tour that requires Alpine experience. The ascent crosses a grass and schrofen covered ridge east of the Vogelkar cirque. Just below the summit there is a UIAA grade I climbing section. There is a challenging descent which is recommended via the Grabenkar cirque through partly rocky and scree-covered terrain (I) with a fast scree run (Schuttabfahrt), however it is too laborious for an ascent.</p><br>
<p>The Karwendelhaus in turn may be reached either from Scharnitz or from Hinterriß over the Kleiner Ahornboden. Because of the long approach along the valley to the Karwendelhaus, a two-day tour should be considered as an alternative to a 10½ hour round day trip.</p><br>
<p>The Östliche Karwendelspitze may also be climbed by skiers in the spring through the Grabenkar. In winter this is usually not possible due to the high risk of avalanche and the long routes.</p><br>
<p>The Hohe Kisten is a mountain, in the Ester range in the Bavarian Prealps and lies north of the Krottenkopf – the main summit of the Ester range.</p><br>
<p>The Hohe Kisten is a mountain with two distinct sides: a rocky northern side on which the summit section looks like a large box (German: Kiste=box), and a gentle southern side on which the summit barely stands out at all.</p><br>
<p>The summit may be reached on a straightforward mountain touring route from Wallgau. The climb from Eschenlohe into the Loisach valley thorough the Puster valley requires endurance and sure-footedness. Another approach is along the route near the arête from the Weilheimer Hut. For this one, it is worth considering using the Hohe Kisten as a crossing point: for example on a very long day tour from Eschenlohe via the Hohe Kisten and Weilheimer Hut to Oberau (using the Munich–Garmisch-Partenkirchen railway) or as part of a longer tour through the Ester Mountains.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s it was planned to build a cable car from Eschenlohe to the summit of the Hohe Kisten, The project, which also envisaged several ski lifts, failed due to opposition from the German Nature Conservation Federation, Bund Naturschutz.</p><br>
<p>The Kofel is a 1,342 m mountain in the Bavarian Alps of Germany. With its distinctive white head it is the signature mountain of the town of Oberammergau, from which the summit is only about one km away. Due to its prominent location and unique shape it can be identified from a considerable distance both from the direction of Ettal and that of Unterammergau.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>The direct route starts at the Döttenbühl parking lot (altitude 840 m), near the Oberammergau cemetery. After crossing a meadow called the Kälberplatte, with a view looking up to the imposing end of the climb, the greater part of the ascent is a wooded switchback footpath (with one clamber across a scree field) up to a rain shelter. From there, one starts climbing to the rocky summit.</p><br>
<p>Another possibility for the ascent is a traverse over the Kolbensattelalm (1,028 m, double chair lift) and the Königssteig (King&#39;s trail). By combining different routes the Kofel may be circumambulated.</p><br>
<h2>Secured route to the summit</h2><br>
<p>The last hundred meters of elevation are covered in a summit climb which is suitable even for families with children, provided they are sure-footed and have a head for heights. Steep and exposed sections are secured by fixed steel cables. After rain there is an increased risk of slipping in the rockier sections. In the Hüsler Alpine Climbing Atlas the ascent is rated a KS1 secured climb.</p><br>
<p>From the cross at the peak there is, weather permitting, an outstanding panoramic view including Ettal and both Ober- and Unterammergau.</p><br>
<p>The Kreuzeck is a mountain in the Wetterstein mountain range of Bavaria, Germany with an elevation of 1,651 m above sea level. It is part of the present-day Garmisch Classic ski resort.</p><br>
<p>The first ski area at Kreuzeck 1,340 m was developed for the 1936 Winter Olympics in neighboring Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the first Olympics to feature alpine skiing. The sole event was the combined, with one downhill run and two runs of slalom. The Kreuzeck valley base station served as finish line for the downhill, while the slalom was run at Gudiberg, adjacent to the ski jumping hill, Große Olympiaschanze.</p><br>
<p>The Kreuzeck featured Germany&#39;s first Mountain Gondola (Kreuzeckbahn 1926) which made the Kreuzeck range the alpine portal to the neighboring areas of the Kreuzjoch, the Alpspitze, and the Höllental and provided the infrastructure to host the downhill event for the 1936 Winter Olympics. The original Olympic course is still maintained and accessible. The current downhill course garnered notoriety as a designated "Kandahar" event and continues to host World Cup events in downhill, super G, and giant slalom. It hosted the World Championships in 1978 and 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Krottenspitze  is a mountain in the Allgäu Alps. It is one of the few rocky summits of the main ridge that is visible from Oberstdorf.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Krottenspitze is joined to the Öfnerspitze by a flat saddle. From the summit the jagged arête of the Krottenspitzengrat runs away to the west-northwest. The most striking pinnacle along this ridge is called the Krummer Turm ("Crooked Tower").</p><br>
<p>The steep north arête forms the continuation of the main ridge to the Kreuzeck. To the northwest below the Krottenspitze and the Krottenspitzengrat lies the cirque of Märzle, through which runs the path from the Kemptner Hut to the Prinz Luitpold Haus. Due to its exposed north-facing location, this cirque is often filled with old snow until the height of summer.</p><br>
<h2>First ascent</h2><br>
<p>The first ascent of the Krottenspitze probably took place during survey work in the year 1854. That same year Dr. Gümbel also conquered the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>There are no marked routes to the Krottenspitze. The easiest approach branches off the path to the Muttlerkopf and is marked in places with cairns, but is hard to find. It requires sure-footedness and experience of navigation in trackless terrain.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Das schöne Allgäu. Die Zeitschrift für Brauchtum, Kultur, Heimatpflege, Freizeit und Umwelt, September 1970</p><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Allgäuer Bergnamen, Lindenberg, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 2007,</p><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Die Flurnamen der Gemeinde Oberstdorf im Allgäu, Munich, Selbstverlag des Verbandes für Flurnamenforschung in Bayern, 1972</p><br>
<p>Zettler/Groth: Alpenvereinsführer Allgäuer Alpen. Munich, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Laufbacher Eck is a 2,178-metre-high grass mountain in the Allgäu Alps in the south German state of Bavaria.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It is located southeast of the Lachenkopf and north of the Rotkopf from which it is separated by the Laufbachereck Saddle. The mountain trail from the Edmund-Probst House to the Prinz-Luitpold-Haus runs over the saddle. On the Laufbacher Eck, a side ridge, on which are the peaks of Salober, Berggächtle and Giebel, branches off to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The Laufbacher Eck can be reached easily from the Laufbachereck Saddle in a few minutes.</p><br>
<p>The botany of the Laufbacher Eck is similar to that of the Höfats or Schneck. Hence the mountain rescue service supports the protection of botanical rarities as they do on the Höfats during the summer months.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Allgäuer Bergnamen, Lindenberg, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 2007,</p><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Die Flurnamen der Gemeinde Oberstdorf im Allgäu, Munich, Selbstverlag des Verbandes für Flurnamenforschung in Bayern, 1972</p><br>
<p>Zettler/Groth: Alpenvereinsführer Allgäuer Alpen. Bergverlag Rudolf Rother, Munich, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Mädelegabel is a 2,645 metre high mountain, made of main dolomite, in the Allgäu Alps near Oberstdorf. It is one of the best-known and most-climbed high peaks in the German Alps, Within the Allgäu Alps it is the fourth-highest summit, with rock faces up to 400 metres high. Together with the Trettachspitze and the Hochfrottspitze it forms the famous triumvirate of peaks on the main crest of the Allgäu. Its name comes from Mähder - a mown mountain pasture in the vicinity - and gabel from the appearance of the triumvirate to the north which recalls a fork . Originally the Mädelegabel was the name for all three peaks of the triumvirate; only later were they distinguished from one another by name.</p><br>
<p>The border between Bavaria and Austria runs along the mountain ridge.</p><br>
<p>On its southeastern slopes is the Schwarzmilzferner, a small glacier.</p><br>
<p>The extremely popular Heilbronn Way (Heilbronner Weg) runs past the summit, below it and to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>The Mädelegabel can be quickly reached from the Heilbronn Way. The route branches off the Heilbronn Way on the ridge just above the Schwarmilzferner glacier and follows the marked path, taking about 30 minutes to reach the summit. It involves a UIAA grade I climb which is not difficult as it is not very exposed and the going, on solid rock, is firm. As a result, the mountain receives a lot of visitors.</p><br>
<p>Bases that can be used for the ascent include the Waltenberger Haus (2.5 hours to the summit), Kemptner Hut (2.75 h) and Rappensee Hut (5 h). The Mädelegabel is a popular spring ski tour starting from the Lech valley and overnighting if need be at the Kemptner Hut.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was probably first climbed during survey work in 1818/19 which was completed by the border commission in 1835. It was certainly conquered in 1852 by Otto Sendtner on today&#39;s normal ascent.</p><br>
<p>Mittagberg  is a 1,451 m mountain located in the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, Germany. Located just south of Immenstadt, this mountain is part of the Nagelfluhkette, and the Naturparks Nagelfluhkette. Its vertical separation is at least 31 meters, meters, with a prominence of 500 meters when using the Bärenköpfle as reference.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>When looking at the mountain from Immenstadt, the sun at noon is right on top of the peak, giving it its name "Mittag" based on the German word for noon (mid day).</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>There are multiple Hiking trails that lead up to the peak of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Alternative routes</h2><br>
<p>There is a ski lift that goes from Immenstadt to the top, with one interruption approximately in the middle of the mountain. During the winter, more ski lifts open for skiing. A 5.1 km toboggan run leads from the peak of the mountain to Immenstadt.</p><br>
<p>The Öfnerspitze is a 2,576 m  high, rocky mountain in the Allgäu Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Location and area</h2><br>
<p>The Öfnerspitze lies southeast of the Krottenspitze and is joined to it by a flat saddle.</p><br>
<h2>Ascent</h2><br>
<p>There are no marked trails to the Öfnerspitze. The easiest approach branches off the path to the Muttlerkopf and is partly marked by cairns and difficult to find. It requires sure-footedness and experience in navigating through trackless terrain. For this reason the Öfnerspitze is relatively rarely climbed; in addition the nearby Großer Krottenkopf is higher and has a view that is just majestic if not more so.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Allgäuer Bergnamen, Lindenberg, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, 2007,</p><br>
<p>Thaddäus Steiner: Die Flurnamen der Gemeinde Oberstdorf im Allgäu, Munich, Selbstverlag des Verbandes für Flurnamenforschung in Bayern, 1972</p><br>
<p>Zettler/Groth: Alpenvereinsführer Allgäuer Alpen. Munich, Bergverlag Rudolf Rother 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Wendelstein is a 1,838 m mountain in the Bavarian Alps in South Germany. It belongs to the so-called Mangfall Mountains, the eastern part of the Bavarian Pre-Alps. It is the highest peak in the Wendelstein massif. Due to its exposed location it has a very good view over the Bavarian Alpine Foreland and is unmistakable for miles around. It lies between the valleys of the Leitzach and Inn and is accessible via the Wendelstein Cable Car and the Wendelstein Rack Railway. On its northern foothills rises the Jenbach, which becomes the Kalten on its way to the River Mangfall.</p><br>
<p>Local valley settlements include Bayrischzell, Brannenburg (rack railway) and Osterhofen (cable car).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The mountain consists mainly of Wetterstein limestone from the Upper Triassic with dasycladales - marine algae whose natural habitat is shallow lagoons in tropical climates. The colour of the rock varies between grey white and light grey to speckled.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The annual precipitation is 1,714 mm, which is extremely high, lying in the upper twentieth of values in Germany. 99% of German Met Office weather stations register lower values. The driest month is October, the wettest is July, which experiences 2.6 times as much precipitation as October. Annual variations are extremely large. Only 3% of weather stations register higher annual variations.</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>On the summit of the mountain is the Wendelstein Chapel, an observatory, a weather station, a geopark and a transmission mast for the Bayerischer Rundfunk that can be seen from a long way off. About one hundred metres below the summit, on the ridge between the Wendelstein and the Schwaigerwand, lie the mountain inn, the termini of the rack railway and cable car, the service building for the mast, the former mountain hotel (above the station), a hut for the mountain rescue service and the well-known Wendelstein Church.</p><br>
<p>The buildings around the mountain stations are linked to the summit, 100 m higher, by a metalled track, which also enables the summit to be reached by inexperienced hikers over many steps and bends. Because the path cannot be used in winter, there is also a lift in the middle of the mountain for employees of the observatory, weather service and transmission site, accessed from the station of the rack railway through a tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The rack railway, built in 1912 by Otto von Steinbeis, is the oldest working rack railway in Germany. Since its renovation in the early 1990s, it has been worked by modern railcars that have reduced journey times from over 50 minutes to about half an hour.</p><br>
<p>Near the rack railway mountain station is the well-developed Wendelstein Cave with several stalactites and stalagmites, and which contain ice until well into the summer months.</p><br>
<p>The beautiful panoramic view from the summit and its easy access over the rack railway and cable car have made the Wendelstein one of the best known and most popular mountains in the Bavarian Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Wendelstein Church</h2><br>
<p>The foundation stone of the Wendelstein Church (Wendelsteinkircherl) was laid on 1 July 1889 on a rocky ridge a hundred metres below the summit. On 20 August 1890 Germanys highest church was consecrated. It is dedicated to the Patrona Bavariae and is managed by the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising as a satellite church of the parish of Maria Himmelfahrt in Brannenburg. The Wendelstein Churchs description as the "highest church in Germany" is indisputable; all other higher church buildings (such as the Zugspitze Chapel consecrated in 1981) are not churches in the ecclesiastical sense, but only chapels. Regular masses and marriage services take place in the mountain church in summer.</p><br>
<p>The little Wendelstein Church is also often called a chapel or the Wendelstein Chapel, but that is not only wrong from an ecclesiastical point of view, but also because there is actually a separate Wendelstein Chapel. This is dedicated to St. Wendelin and stands just below the summit. This summit chapel, a small wooden affair, is considerably older than the church; there are reports of it going back to the early 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain weather station and observatory</h2><br>
<p>On the summit of the Wendelstein there is a weather station belonging to the German Meteorological Office, which is manned around the clock, and an observatory of the Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich. With an average of over 120 clear nights per year, Wendelstein&#39;s location is ideal for such installations.</p><br>
<p>The first weather observations on the Wendelstein were recorded in a makeshift observatory erected by the summit chapel by Paul Schiegg in July 1804, the records were, however, often frustrated by lightning, storms, snow and rain. In 1883 the Wendelsteinhaus Meteorological Station was built by Dr. Fritz Erk of the Royal Bavarian Meteorological Central Station in Munich at an altitude of 1700 m. This was the first Alpine station in the Royal Bavarian Meteorological Station Network. The delivery of mail to and from this station was carried out in winter by the members of the Wendelsteinhaus Alpine Club and in summer by tourists. In 1962, the present weather station was built at the summit. It is staffed around the clock with full-time staff.</p><br>
<p>The observatory was founded in December 1939 by Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer as a solar observatory for the Luftwaffe. The recording of solar activity was supposed to enable the most accurate forecast possible of the optimal frequencies used for military communications. After the Second World War the observatory was funded by the US forces for the same purpose. Since 1949 the facility has belonged to the University of Munich. In the 1960s the observatory was enhanced with a coronagraph; a device that enabled research to be carried out on the atmosphere of the sun. Due to increasing air pollution and research priorities switching back to night-time astronomy, scientific observations of the sun were ceased in the 1980s. Since 1988 the facility has become purely an observatory; the dome of the coronograph is only used today for viewing purposes. Searches were conducted from the Wendelstein for extrasolar planets by evaluating occultations and research is carried out on variable stars in dwarf galaxies using an 80-cm telescope and CCD cameras. In 2012, the 80-cm telescope was replaced by an instrument with a two metre aperture.</p><br>
<p>In addition, from 1950 to 1960 there was an observatory on the eastern summit of the Wendelstein, consisting of an observation dome and a residential house. There, the astronomer Rudolf Kühn carried out research. The facility was completely demolished in 1965, only the remains of the foundations are still visible. Where the observation dome once stood, a wind turbine was later built, but that, too, was dismantled in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Ski area</h2><br>
<p>The rack railway and gondola lift and two drag lifts serve a small but challenging ski area on the Wendelstein. Plans to link it to the Sudelfeld ski area were discarded. Because of a dispute with an alpine farmer, there was no skiing on the Wendelstein from 1995 to 1997.</p><br>
<p>In spite of numerous explosions and other construction projects in the past 40 years, most of the runs on the Wendelstein are steep rugged slopes that are only suitable for experienced skiers. The most important and most feared downhill run is the Ostabfahrt that runs from the terminus of the Lacher lift to the Mitteralm. 3.8 km in length, it descends 500 m in altitude. Similarly difficult, albeit only a few hundred metres long, is the so-called Hotelhang, which runs from the termini of the railway and gondola lift to the main ski area and must be negotiated by every skier, even if they want to ski the easy runs around the Wendelsteins mountain pastures or Wendelsteinalmen. The Lacherlift to the Ostabfahrt begins in these pastures. The run from the Hotelhang to the Wendelsteinalmen goes past the so-called Krematorium, a rock face exposed in fine weather directly to the sun. The place was therefore used by skiers for sunbathing and tanning used - "to burn their bodies", hence the macabre name. Further on, there are two options: a steep slope and the somewhat easier variation via Davos - or in the local dialect "da wos" ("there, where it is").</p><br>
<p>Throughout the year members of the Brannenburg Mountain Rescue Service are on duty at the so-called Klausen Hut (opposite the Wendelstein Church) and in the ski area and aim to reach ill or injured climbers as quickly as possible. There is even a defibrillator on the Wendelstein at all times.</p><br>
<p>Hoher Peißenberg is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Hoher Peißenberg (High Peißenberg mountain) is located in the middle of the Pfaffenwinkel region, in the Bavarian Prealps, in the Weilheim-Schongau district. Its summit and a large part of its uplands are part of the Hohenpeißenberg municipality, the centre of which is located some 900m from the summit in a southern direction. Some of the lower eastern part belong to the market municipality of Peißenberg, the centre of which is located 3.5 km to the east of the summit. The mountain extends from east to west and is partially wooded.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>Buildings on the Peißenberg include a pilgrimage church with a museum, a meteorological observatory and a broadcasting tower:</p><br>
<h3>Pilgrimage church</h3><br>
<p>On the mountain is the pilgrimage church of the Assumption. The earliest section, of what was later to become a double church, is the chapel of the year 1514. In the early 17th century, a larger church with a clergy house included was added. The pilgrimage has a long tradition of hundreds of years, and every summer, a pilgrimage where the pilgrims wear national costume takes place. In 1990, a museum was opened in the oratory above the sacristy of the church and can be visited on request.</p><br>
<h3>Hohenpeißenberg meteorological observatory</h3><br>
<p>The Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory, which weather observation and research facilities, is also located on the mountain. The meteorological observations reach back to 1st January 1781, almost without interruption. The weather station is regared as the oldest mountain weather station in the world.</p><br>
<h3>Hohenpeißenberg broadcasting tower</h3><br>
<p>Near the summit, in the Hohenpeißenberg hamlet of Pröbstlsberg, is the Hohenpeißenberg radio transmitter. This TV tower, built in 1978, has a height of 158.76 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Panoramic view</h2><br>
<p>On a clear day, the mountain offers a panoramic view in the souther side of the 200 km-wide Alpine chain from the Grünten in the west, across the Wetterstein range with the Zugspitze in the south, to the Chiemgau Alps in the east. Because of its beautiful Alpine view, it is a popular destination for excursions, and it can be seen from 400 different places (towns, villages, hamlets, districts). Three bigger lakes are visible, with the Ammersee in a north-north-east direction. In an east-north-east direction, a small part of Lake Starnberg can be seen, and to the south-east direction the Staffelsee.</p><br>
<p>Pfaffenberg  is a 432 meter high hill of Bavaria, Germany.</p><br>
<p>The Pfaffenberg hill lies in the Spessart range in the districts of Aschaffenburg and Miltenberg.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Pfaffenberg is located in the municipal territories of Bessenbach and Sulzbach am Main. Northeast of peak is the village of Oberbessenbach in the valley of the Bessenbach, a creek. Southwest of the peak is the village of Soden (part of Sulzbach) in the valley of Sodener Bach. Northwest of the peak are the villages of Gailbach (a Stadtteil of Aschaffenburg) and Dörrmorsbach, part of Haibach. The boundaries of the town of Aschaffenburg reach almost to the summit. About two kilometers south-east is the Hohe Wart hill with the Hohe Wart Inn.</p><br>
<h2>Radio tower</h2><br>
<p>Since 1953 the radio transmitter Sender Pfaffenberg of Bavarian state broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk has been situated on the top of Pfaffenberg. The guyed tubular steel tower was 181 meters tall. In 2008 a second shorter tower was built for Freeview. On 16 April 2010 the old pipe tower was removed. The new concrete tower is 176.05 meters tall.</p><br>
<p>The Plattspitzen is a 2,680 metre high mountain in the Wetterstein Mountains on the border between Germany and Austria. It is a very striking mountain and the southern companion of Germany&#39;s highest peak, the Zugspitze, located at the opposite end of the ledge known as the Plattumrahmung. The mountain has three summits: the eastern summit, known as the Gatterlspitz, the middle summit  and the western summit . It was first climbed in 1871 by Hermann von Barth, who conquered all three peaks alone departing from the Zugspitzplatt ledge. At that time the mountain was also known as the Wetterschrofen.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is made of Wetterstein limestone and lies just under 3 kilometres south of the Zugspitze, forming the southern cornerstone of the Zugspitze massif. One kilometre to the west it meets the higher, but much less prominent Wetterspitzen. To the south, towards the valley of the Gais, the mountain has a very steep and rugged face, about 700 metres high.</p><br>
<h2>Base and climbing</h2><br>
<p>The Plattspitzen can be climbed from the Knorr Hut to the northeast by crossing the Platt along the northwestern ridge, parts of which are medium difficulty (in places up to Grade III). The duration of this route up to the eastern summit is about five hours.</p><br>
<p>Rampelsberg is a mountain of Bavaria, Germany. The Rampelsberg is up to 555 m above sea level. NHN high elevation in the north of Rupertiwinkels in Upper Bavaria. It borders Palling, Taching, and Tittmoning. The Rampelsberg is heavily forested. Southeast of the Ramelsberg there is a gravel pit of Oppacher & Son fresh concrete GmbH & Co. KG.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>South of Rampelsberg there is the historic Schlossberg. This was when the Knights of Törring and the Archbishop of Salzburg allowed a castle to be built in 1210. After fierce disputes between Kaspar Knights of Törring and Heinrich the Rich of Bavaria, the castle was, however, completely destroyed in 1421. The walls of the castle were pulled down and the stones of the ruined castle contributed to the expansion of Burghausen Castle. The site of the castle, and the moat can still be seen today by contours in the landscape.</p><br>
<h2>Sports & Leisure</h2><br>
<p>On Rampelsberg there are several marked cycling and hiking trails. The trails are designated as forest adventure paths with information boards and versatile ways to show the value and function of intact forest. The trails are paved in smaller portions and for the most part are graveled forest trails.</p><br>
<p>Reuschberg  is a hill in the Spessart range, located in the Landkreis Aschaffenburg, part of the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. It has an elevation of 415 metres.</p><br>
<p>The wooded hill is located mostly in the unincorporated area of. At its foot lies the town of Schöllkrippen. To the south is the valley of the Höllenbach, to the north that of the Kleiner Laudenbach, both of which flow into the Kahl.</p><br>
<p>There is a transmission mast on the hill, operated by Vodafone, located on the slope at an elevation of around 385 metres.</p><br>
<p>Near the peak, there is a sort of circular rampart, known as or Altenburg, with remains of both earth and masonry walls, long thought to date to the La Tène period. However, excavations in 2005 indicate that it most likely is a 10th-century refuge castle, with some elements added later (11th or 12th century). Over the centuries, locals have used the fortification as a source of construction materials, reducing the remains to just foundations.</p><br>
<p>The, a former monastery, lies on the lower slopes, just beneath the forest fringe.</p><br>
<p>The Rinnerspitz is a 1,611 m high peak in the Schliersee Mountains in the Mangfall mountain range in the German Free State of Bavaria. It is also known by locals as the Peißenberg . It was here on 6 November 1877 that the poacher, Georg Jennerwein, was shot in the back.</p><br>
<p>The Rinnerspitz lies between the peaks of the 1,668 m high Bodenschneid (430 m to the southeast) and the 1,552 metre high Wasserspitz (653 m north-northeast), in the southern part of the district of Miesbach and, like its neighbours, on the boundary between the parishes of Rottach-Egern in the west and Schliersee in the east. The municipal boundary on these and the other peaks marks the watershed between the Schliersee and the Tegernsee.</p><br>
<p>The German Alpine Club (DAV) accommodation hut of Bodenschneidhaus on the Rettenböckalm, 500 metres northeast of the Rinnerspitz, is the nearest building. The nearest settlement is the small hamlet of Enterrottach (Rottach-Egern parish), 1.3 km further west on the Valepp Road (Valepp-Straße), which is a toll road from the exit of the hamlet towards Valepp (south). The Spitzingsee lies a good 3 kilometres east, and the border with the Tyrol near the Schinder mountain just under 8 kilometres south (both as the crow flies).</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Roßkopf is a 1,580 metre high peak in the Mangfall Mountains in Upper Bavaria. It lies in the south of the district of Miesbach right on the boundary between the parishes of Schliersee in the east and Rottach-Egern in the west, which forms the watershed between the lakes of Schliersee and Tegernsee. Other peaks on this line are the Bodenschneid and the Rinnerspitz further north.</p><br>
<p>Due to its proximity to Munich, its relatively low height, easy ascents and picturesque location with views of the Spitzingsee and Tegernsee lakes, the Roßkopf is one of the most popular local mountains for Munich families. As a result, its grass-covered summit with its summit cross is often crowded on summer and autumn weekends in fine weather.</p><br>
<p>In winter the Roßkopf is a popular area for powder skiers. A new chair lift links the Roßkopf to the Spitzing ski resort.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Rotwand  is a 1,884 m high peak in the Mangfall Mountains in Bavaria, the highest summit in the Spitzingsee region and one of the most popular of Munich&#39;s local mountains .</p><br>
<p>The summit may be reached in an easy hike from the lake of Spitzingsee on various routes (e. g. through the Pfanngraben gorge with its picturesque whirlpools).</p><br>
<p>The summit can be attained even more easily from the nearby mountain station on the Taubenstein and, as a result, can often become rather overcrowded on summer&#39;s days.</p><br>
<p>Alternatively the top can be climbed from Geitau via the lake of Soinsee. Below the summit, at a height of 1,737 m, is the mountain hut of Rotwandhaus.</p><br>
<p>In winter the Rotwand is frequently climbed by skiers. The classic Rotwand-Reib’n runs from the Spitzingsee to the Rotwand, then over the Kümpflscharte arête (1,695 m) to the Auerspitz summit (1,811 m), continuing via the alpine pasture of Großtiefentalalm (1,500 m), the Miesing saddle (1,704 m; with detours to the Hochmiesing), Kleintiefentalalm and Taubensteinhaus and back to the Spitzingsee. This tour is also possible with snowshoes.</p><br>
<p>The "problem bear", JJ1 (also known as Bruno), was believed to be the first wild bear on German soil for 170 years. He was declared a threat to humans and killed on 26 June 2006 around 4.50 am in the Rotwand area after he had been seen at the Rotwandhaus.</p><br>
